Lee W, Ginsburg KA, Cotton DB, Kaufman RH. Amniotic fluid embolism: analysis of the national registry. 2017 43:1714–8.Ĭlark SL, Hankins GD, Dudley DA, Dildy GA, Porter TF. Rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM®)-guided diagnosis and management of amniotic fluid embolism. Loughran JA, Kitchen TL, Sindhakar S, Ashraf M, Awad M, Kealaher EJ. Excessive fibrinolysis detected with thromboelastography in a case of amniotic fluid embolism: fibrinolysis may precede coagulopathy. 2013 22:71–6.įudaba M, Tachibana D, Misugi T, Nakano A, Koyama M. Hyperfibrinolysis diagnosed by rotational thromboelastometry in a case of suspected amniotic fluid embolism. A hypothesis regarding complement activation and amniotic fluid embolism. The role of echocardiography in amniotic fluid embolism: a case series and review of the literature. Simard C, Yang S, Koolian M, Shear R, Rudski L, Lipes J. Incidence and risk factors of amniotic fluid embolisms: a population-based study on 3 million births in the United States. Amniotic fluid embolism: an evidence-based review. Amniotic fluid embolism: update and review. Pulmonary vascular obstruction by squamous cells is not involved in amniotic fluid embolism. 2014 123:337–48.įunk M, Damron A, Bandi V, Aagaard K, Szigeti R, Clark S. Amniotic fluid embolism: an Australian-New Zealand population-based study. Despite prior reports of mortality rates exceeding 80%, current evidence supports a mortality rate of approximately 20%. The diagnosis of amniotic fluid embolism is a clinical diagnosis of exclusion there is no gold-standard test or biomarker. Amniotic fluid embolism is thought to occur when amniotic fluid enters into the maternal systemic circulation through a breach in the maternal–fetal interface, leading to the release of inflammatory mediators and endogenous catecholamines that cause acute cor pulmonale and severe disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Although rare in an absolute sense, amniotic fluid embolism is identified as the leading cause of maternal mortality in many developed countries. Amniotic fluid embolism is characterized by the sudden onset of hypotension, hypoxia, and coagulopathy during, or immediately after, delivery. Intensivists are often called upon to co-manage cases of suspected amniotic fluid embolism with our colleagues in obstetrics and anesthesia, so familiarity with this condition is essential. Amniotic fluid embolism is one of the most devastating complications in obstetrics.
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